Styles

Refers to the artwork of the Haida-speaking North American Indians of what is now the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Can., and the southern part of Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, U.S. The Alaskan Haida are called Kaigani.

Refers to the flowering of literary, musical, and artistic creativity and production that was focused n the primarily African American neighborhood of Harlem in New York City in the 1920s. Artists of the movement were also active in Paris and other cities. The movement radically revitalized the cultural aspirations and confidence of African Americans by exploring the psychological and emotional uniqueness of the African American community through art.

Refers to the highly individualized style that developed in Ireland beginning in the seventh century, particularly in the monastic communities. The style is especially evident in manuscript illuminations and sculpture, and apparently developed from the melding of Germanic Anglo-Saxon, Celtic, and Early Christian art. It is characterized by brilliant colors and opulent ornamentation composed of extremely intricate, interlaced lines, abstract shapes, animals, and flat, stylized human forms.

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Refers to the period and style of Gothic art of the late 12th through the 13th centuries in France and elsewhere in Europe, marked by the achievement of Gothic ideals in architecture and other arts. The style is characterized in sculpture and painting by a return to the balance and naturalism of the sculpture of classical Greece and Rome. The style in architecture is often characterized by elegant, lofty proportions, movement toward a sense of greater void than solid, and symmetry in design, which often was not carried out in execution as designs were often altered or left unfinished. In ecclesiastical architecture, designs typically include twin towers on the western facade, shortened transepts, three- or four-story elevations, flying buttresses, central rose windows, and extensive campaigns of ever more sophisticated sculpture and stained glass.

Refers to the Victorian style, mainly in architecture and decorative arts, produced from about 1850 to about 1870. While the Gothic Revival still dominated, High Victorian architecture and decorative arts demonstrate a more eclectic use of Gothic forms and a greater interest in color, texture, and plastic effects.

Refers to the style of interior design and architecture popular in Europe and North America in the 1970s. In interior design, the style is characterized by the re-utilization of industrial materials, products, and equipment for use as home furnishings. In architecture, the style is characterized by the use of sleek lines, space-age materials, and pre-fabricated parts, with the purpose of exploring the limits of technology.

Faiths that occurred in the early years of Buddhism, in South and Southeast Asia. In Hindu-Buddhism, ideas and dieties of the two faiths were combined, as Buddhism first grew out of Hinduism in India in the 6th century BCE.

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Culture of a Siouan-speaking tribe of Native Americans, native to the present-day states of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and parts of Iowa and Illinois. The two remaining federally recognized are the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin and the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska.

Refers to an early culture and style that existed mainly in the Sonoran Desert of what is now central and southern Arizona. The culture is noted for the first use of irrigation by the southwestern farmers, for the establishment of permanent settlements of pit houses and above-ground apartment-like structures, and for distinctive tools and art works, including ornaments and mosaics fashioned of shells imported from the Gulf of California, clay figurines, and pottery, which is gray ware or buff with decoration in iron red. Some experts believe that the Hohokam arrived in the area around 300 BCE, while others place their arrival around 500 CE. Disagreement also exists regarding their origins, which may be either from Mexico or as descendents of the Cochise people. Further disagreement exists regarding whether their descendants are Papago, Pima, and other Southwestern groups, or if the Hohokam moved out of the area in the fifteenth century.

No description available for this term.

Style and culture of the westernmost group of Pueblo Indians, situated in what is now northeastern Arizona, on the edge of the Painted Desert. They speak a Shoshonean language of Uto-Aztecan stock. The precise origin of the Hopi is unknown, although it is thought that they and other Pueblo peoples descended from the Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi).

Style and culture of one of the seven branches of the Lakota Sioux; they fought alongside Sitting Bull in the 1870s. The majority of Hunkpapa Lakota now reside in the Standing Rock Indian Reservation of South and North Dakota.