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Guadalupe may be the first Hispanic settlement in the county. During the late 1850s many residents moved a mile south to Conejos, a higher, flood-free site on the other side of the Conejos River. Jose Maria Jaquez is said to have built the first house in Guadalupe in 1854, and his family joined him there. Father José Montaño built the first primitive jacal Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe in 1854. Guadalupe houses were rectangular or square jacales, with walls of logs set vertically in trenches, tied at the top and plastered inside and out with adobe mud. These were later replaced by horizontal-log and adobe buildings. By 1855 settlers had